In data envelopment analysis, there are several methods for measuring efficiency change over time, e.g. the window analysis and the Malmquist index. However, they usually neglect carry-over activities between consecutive two terms. These carry-overs play an important role in measuring the efficiency of decision making units in each term as well as over the whole terms based on the long-term vie...

Traditional DEA models deal with measurements of relative efficiency of DMUs regarding multiple-inputs vs. multiple-outputs. One of the drawbacks of these models is the neglect of intermediate products or linking activities. After pointing out needs for inclusion of them in DEA models, we propose a slacks-based network DEA model that can deal with intermediate products. Using this model we can ...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) models have been used in formulating the Malmquist index to measure productivity change over time periods. In this article, we question the validity of this index in the presence of input/output slacks that appear in DEA models used. We demonstrate with an application to banking that Malmquist index loses its meaning whenever slacks are present. As a corrective m...

We propose a dynamic DEA model involving network structure in each period within the framework of a slacks-based measure approach. We have previously published the network SBM (NSBM) and the dynamic SBM (DSBM) models separately. Hence, this article is a composite of these two models. Vertically, we deal with multiple divisions connected by links of network structure within each period and, hori...

The level of sustainable development can be measured by eco-efficiency, which is a combination of economic and ecological performance. Utilizing the weighted sum of the improved proportions of the indicators as the objective function, this paper develops a proportional slacks-based measure model to assess eco-efficiency, in which the conventional inputs, and desirable and undesirable outputs ar...